{"id":1179,"date":"2025-04-15T10:35:49","date_gmt":"2025-04-15T03:35:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/malariaperdhaki.org\/?page_id=1179"},"modified":"2025-04-15T10:35:49","modified_gmt":"2025-04-15T03:35:49","slug":"qa","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/malariaperdhaki.org\/en\/qa\/","title":{"rendered":"Q&A"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Questions & Answers about Malaria<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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What is Malaria?<\/strong><\/summary>\n

Malaria is an infectious disease caused by the parasite Plasmodium species. This parasite lives and multiplies within human red blood cells and is transmitted through the bite of female Anopheles mosquitoes. Malaria can affect people of all ages.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n

Is Malaria dangerous?<\/summary>\n

Malaria can cause:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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  1. Severe manifestations of malaria can include high fever, decreased consciousness, coma, spontaneous bleeding, multi-organ failure, and can lead to death.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  2. Anemia is a condition of blood deficiency in malaria patients caused by the destruction of many red blood cells by the Plasmodium parasite. Anemia also weakens the immune system, making it easier to contract other infections. <\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  3. Malaria in pregnant women can cause premature birth, stillbirth, low birth weight (LBW) babies, and may result in the death of the mother. <\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n
    What are the symptoms of malaria?<\/summary>\n

    Sering disebut dengan trias malaria yaitu, demam, menggigil, dan berkeringat. Dan juga dapat disertai sakit kepala, mual, muntah, diare dan nyeri otot atau pegal\u2013pegal (gejala lokal spesifik)<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n

    What are the types of malaria?<\/summary>\n
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    1. Plasmodium falciparum causes Falciparum malaria<\/em>. Jenis malaria ini dapat berkembang menjadi malaria dengan komplikasi yang menyebabkan kematian<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
    2. Plasmodium vivax causes Vivax malaria.<\/em>Vivax malaria can cause chronic anemia and can persist in the liver, leading to Relaps. <\/em>Selain itu jenis plasmodium ini juga dapat berkembang menjadi malaria dengan komplikasi<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
    3. Plasmodium ovale causes Ovale malaria,<\/em>which generally has mild clinical manifestations.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
    4. Plasmodium malariae causes Malariae malaria.<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
    5. Plasmodium knowlesi is caused by Knowlesi malaria,<\/em> originating from long-tailed monkeys and transmitted through mosquito bites. Knowlesi malaria can also develop into complicated malaria.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n
      How to detect\/diagnose malaria?<\/summary>\n

      Malaria diagnosis can be done through laboratory examination using a microscope and Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT).<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n

      When can malaria testing be done?<\/summary>\n
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      1. The presence of malaria symptoms<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      2. A history of travel to a malaria-endemic area within the past month<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      3. A history of mosquito bites at night, as malaria-carrying mosquitoes only bite at night in endemic areas<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      4. A history of previous malaria illness<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n
        What is meant by an RDT test? How long does an RDT test take?<\/summary>\n

        The RDT test is a method of diagnosing malaria by detecting malaria parasite antigens using the immunochromatographic method. The tool used is in the form of a \"dipstick\" and strip. The RDT test results will be available within 15 minutes.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n

        What are the advantages and disadvantages of the RDT test?<\/summary>\n

        The advantages of the RDT test are fast results, easy to interpret, and it does not require special equipment (microscope) or specialized microscopy personnel. Meanwhile, the disadvantages include that the RDT results cannot be cross-checked <\/em>and it cannot measure the parasite count.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n

        What are the types of malaria medications?<\/summary>\n

        Antimalarial drugs (OAM) combinations include Artemisinin-based Combination Therapy (ACT) and Primaquine. The ACT currently used by the program is DHP (a combination of Dihydroartemisinin and Piperaquine in a single dose), but if the malaria is classified as severe, Injectable Artesunate is used.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n

        What is the name of the malaria preventive medication?<\/summary>\n

        Take Doxycycline 100mg per day, one tablet a day before departure, one tablet daily while in the endemic area, and continue for 4 weeks after returning. It should not be given to children under 8 years old and should not be used for more than 3 months.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n

        How to obtain malaria medication?<\/summary>\n

        If you experience malaria symptoms as mentioned above, you can visit the nearest community health center (Puskesmas) for diagnosis confirmation. If diagnosed with malaria, the patient will receive medication at the Puskesmas. Besides the Puskesmas, malaria medication is also available for free at the nearest regional hospital.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n

        What are mosquito larvae and malaria mosquitoes?<\/summary>\n

        Plasmodium is the cause of malaria transmitted through the bite of an infected female Anopheles mosquito. The types of Plasmodium carried by mosquito vectors are Plasmodium falciparum<\/em>, Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium ovale<\/em>and Plasmodium malariae. <\/em>
        Characteristics of Anopheles mosquitoes include biting at night, both indoors and outdoors. When resting and biting, the mosquito\u2019s body is positioned with its rear end raised. <\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n

        How to prevent malaria?<\/summary>\n
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        1. Although dangerous and common in tropical countries like Indonesia, malaria can be prevented. Here are some measures you can take to protect yourself and your family from malaria:  <\/li>\n\n\n\n
        2. Sleep under a mosquito net in malaria-endemic areas. <\/li>\n\n\n\n
        3. Reduce going out at night. If you must go out at night, wear long-sleeved shirts and long pants, and use mosquito repellent lotion. <\/li>\n\n\n\n
        4. Regularly spray rooms with insecticide.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n
          How to prevent malaria?<\/summary>\n
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          1. Although dangerous and common in tropical countries like Indonesia, malaria can be prevented. Here are some measures you can take to protect yourself and your family from malaria:  <\/li>\n\n\n\n
          2. Sleep under a mosquito net in malaria-endemic areas. <\/li>\n\n\n\n
          3. Reduce going out at night. If you must go out at night, wear long-sleeved shirts and long pants, and use mosquito repellent lotion. <\/li>\n\n\n\n
          4. Regularly spray rooms with insecticide.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n
            What is Migration Surveillance?<\/summary>\n

            Migration Surveillance is the continuous monitoring of people who have a history of travel or are currently traveling\u2014whether temporarily or permanently\u2014from malaria-endemic areas across administrative boundaries. This activity includes finding, collecting, and examining blood samples, providing treatment, counseling, cross notification, monitoring, evaluation, as well as recording and reporting.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n

            What is the purpose of Migration Surveillance?<\/summary>\n

            To prevent local malaria transmission (indigineous cases<\/em>) especially those originating from cases outside the area(import<\/em>). By early detection of malaria cases coming from malaria-endemic areas and providing malaria treatment according to standards.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n

            What is Malaria Elimination?<\/summary>\n

            Malaria elimination is an effort to stop local malaria transmission within a specific geographic area at a certain point in time. After elimination is achieved, there is still a risk of imported malaria cases because malaria vectors remain in the area. Therefore, vigilance activities to prevent malaria transmission from recurring must be carried out intensively.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n

            What are the main requirements for Malaria Elimination?<\/summary>\n
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            1. API (Annual Parasite Incidence<\/em>less than 1 per 1,000 population for three consecutive years<\/li>\n\n\n\n
            2. Positive Rate<\/em> less than 5% for three consecutive years<\/li>\n\n\n\n
            3. No local malaria transmission (indigineous cases<\/em>) for the past 3 years<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/details>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n